What is the principle of IVF technology
IVF technology, known as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology in medicine, is a kind of assisted reproductive technology, which aims to help couples who cannot conceive naturally achieve their reproductive aspirations. The principle of this technology mainly includes two steps: in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Principles of in vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the first step of IVF technology. Its principle is to artificially combine eggs and sperm in the laboratory to form a fertilized egg. The specific steps are as follows:
First, women receive hormone therapy to promote the development of eggs, which is monitored by ultrasound technology. Then, doctors use special surgical tools to extract a number of well developed eggs from women's ovaries. Next, doctors take sperm samples from men and use special laboratory culture media to combine sperm with eggs.
This process is usually carried out in a laboratory environment. After fertilization, doctors will observe and evaluate the quality and quantity of fertilized eggs. Finally, select the best quality fertilized eggs for subsequent embryo transfer.
Principles of embryo transfer
Embryo transfer is the second step of IVF technology. Its principle is to transfer the fertilized egg formed by combining sperm and egg into the female uterus to promote pregnancy. The specific steps are as follows:
First, the doctor will culture several well developed fertilized eggs obtained during in vitro fertilization to a specific stage, and then select the embryos most likely to be successfully implanted for transplantation. This step usually involves screening the appearance, developmental status and genetic information of the embryo.
Next, doctors use special surgical tools to place the embryos into the uterus through the cervix. This process is usually painless and does not require anesthesia. Then, women need to continue to use hormone drugs to help embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
Development of related technologies
With the continuous progress of science and technology, IVF technology is also developing and improving. The following are some relevant developments of IVF technology:
First, the wide application of single sperm injection (ICSI) technology. ICSI technology can solve the problem of abnormal number, vitality and morphology of male sperm, which is helpful to improve the pregnancy rate.
Second, the improvement of embryo screening technology. Embryo screening technology can help select the embryos most likely to be implanted successfully, reduce the failure rate of pregnancy, and reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies.
Third, the introduction of blastocyst culture technology. Blastocyst culture technology can make embryos grow longer in the laboratory, and improve the quality and implantation rate of embryos.
summary
The principle of IVF technology includes in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is to form a fertilized egg by artificially combining eggs and sperm in the laboratory, while embryo transfer is to transfer the fertilized egg into the female uterus to promote pregnancy. With the development of science and technology, the IVF technology has been constantly improved, and new technologies such as single sperm injection, embryo screening and blastocyst culture have been introduced, which has improved the fertility success rate and pregnancy quality.
