Overview of IVF process
IVF refers to the method of fertilizing and cultivating sperm and eggs in vitro through assisted reproductive technology, and then implanting healthy embryos into the mother's uterus to achieve pregnancy and delivery. IVF technology is a good choice for some infertile couples. However, it needs to go through multiple steps and links, including ovulation induction, oocyte retrieval, fertilization and embryo implantation.
Step 1: ovulation induction
The first step of IVF procedure is to increase the number of eggs of the woman and increase the chance of fertilization through ovulation promoting drugs. These drugs can promote the growth and development of follicles in the ovary. They are usually used on the second day before the start of the normal physiological cycle, and the growth of follicles is often monitored. When the follicle grows to an appropriate size, it will cause the follicle to rupture and release mature eggs, which is usually accomplished by injecting human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
At this stage, it is usually necessary to limit sexual behavior and avoid sexual intercourse, so as to avoid problems caused by natural pregnancy. In addition, some side effects may occur at this stage, such as mood fluctuation, breast distension, etc., which requires close attention and consultation with doctors.
Step 2: Take eggs
After the follicles are developed, doctors will use a simple surgical technique called ovarian puncture to take out mature eggs. This process is usually performed under local anesthesia. Doctors will use a slender needle to remove eggs from the top of the ovary through the vagina. These eggs will then be evaluated by laboratory technicians for quality and maturity.
The whole process of egg retrieval is usually very safe, but some common side effects may occur, such as abdominal pain, nausea and swelling. It should be noted that it is very important to successfully remove multiple eggs at this stage to improve the chances of IVF success.
Step 3: Fertilization and embryo culture
After taking the eggs, the doctor will collect the sperm samples provided by the man and conduct in vitro fertilization with the eggs. The fertilized eggs will be cultured in the laboratory and their growth and development will be evaluated. This usually takes several days to select the healthiest embryo for implantation.
At this stage, it is usually important to note that all patients can choose single embryo implantation or double embryo implantation. Single embryo implantation can reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy, but multiple embryo implantation may increase the successful pregnancy rate. At this stage, patients need to fully discuss with doctors and develop personalized decision plans.
Step 4: Embryo implantation
After embryo culture, select the best embryo for implantation. This process is similar to hysteroscopy. The doctor will send an appropriate number of embryos through the vagina with a slender catheter to the uterus, and ensure the successful implantation of embryos in the uterus through regular inspection and monitoring.
After embryo implantation, patients need to continue to conduct regular blood and urine tests, and decide whether to take progesterone to help embryo adhesion and implantation according to the doctor's advice.
summary
The process of IVF usually includes ovulation induction, egg retrieval, fertilization and embryo implantation. The whole process requires close cooperation between doctors and patients, and strict compliance with doctors' suggestions and guidance. Each step has its own special precautions and considerations to ensure the chance of successful pregnancy. Therefore, before IVF, the spouse should consult and discuss with the doctor in detail, and make decisions together to ensure the smooth progress of the whole process.
