Principles of IVF Seeding
IVF refers to the process of fertilization and embryo development in the laboratory through artificial means, and finally transfer the embryo to the mother to realize pregnancy and delivery. Its seeding principle mainly includes the following aspects:
1. In vitro fertilization technology
The core of IVF technology is in vitro fertilization, including conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracellular sperm injection (ICSI). Conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) refers to combining female eggs and male sperm in a culture dish, obtaining high-quality embryos through culture and screening, and then transferring them to the mother's uterus. ICSI injects a sperm into the egg to increase the success rate of fertilization.
The principle of in vitro fertilization technology is to simulate the process of natural fertilization in a controlled environment, and to provide a suitable environment for eggs and sperm in the laboratory to enable them to undergo fertilization and embryonic development. This process requires precise operation and strict control conditions to ensure the success of fertilization and embryo development.
2. Embryo culture and screening
The fertilized embryo needs to be cultured in a specific medium to provide suitable nutrition and environmental conditions to promote its growth and development. The embryo culture medium contains essential nutrients, such as amino acids, sugars and lipids, as well as essential growth factors and hormones.
During the culture process, doctors will monitor the development of embryos, and select the embryos most likely to develop into healthy fetuses for transplantation according to their morphology, cell number, embryo quality and other indicators. In order to improve the success rate of transplantation, sometimes the embryo will be tested for genes to exclude risks such as genetic diseases and chromosome abnormalities.
3. Embryo transfer
When the embryo develops to an appropriate stage, the doctor will choose the best time to transplant it into the mother. Embryo transfer is a simple and minimally invasive operation, usually using a catheter or thin tube to send the embryo into the uterine cavity, and then attach it to the endometrium.
In order to improve the success rate of embryo transfer, doctors need to accurately determine the best opportunity for embryo transfer and the quality of embryos. The hospital usually determines the appropriate transplantation time according to the cycle of women and the development of follicles. In addition, doctors will select the best embryos for transplantation according to the results of embryo evaluation before transplantation.
4. Applicable conditions
IVF technology is not applicable to all couples, but generally applicable to the following situations:
First of all, there are serious obstacles in the reproductive system of both husband and wife, and they cannot conceive by natural means. For example, the female has low ovarian function, oviduct obstruction, and the male has abnormal sperm quantity or quality.
Secondly, there is a high risk of genetic diseases for both husband and wife. In order to avoid passing on genetic diseases to their offspring, IVF technology is selected for embryo screening and selection.
In addition, IVF technology can also be used for assisted reproduction. For example, women are older, the number of eggs is reduced, and assisted reproduction attempts have not been successful.
summary
Through in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and screening, embryo transfer and other technical steps, IVF technology gives couples who could not conceive naturally the opportunity to achieve their reproductive aspirations. This technology has shown a high success rate among eligible couples, and has been promoted and applied in many formal hospitals. However, although the development of IVF technology has brought hope to many couples, it also needs to be treated with caution and used reasonably, and comply with ethical norms and legal provisions to ensure medical safety and the quality of life of children.
