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What is the technical principle of IVF?

What is the technical principle of IVF?



Technical principles of IVF

In vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a kind of assisted reproduction technology. The fertilized eggs are artificially developed in vitro, and then qualified embryos are transferred to the mother's uterus to complete the gestation of new life. The principle of IVF technology mainly includes the following aspects.

1. In vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the first step of IVF technology. It collects female eggs and male sperm and combines them into fertilized eggs in the in vitro laboratory. First, women receive hormone therapy to promote the development of eggs, and then use ultrasound technology and fine needle technology to extract eggs through ovarian puncture. At the same time, men provide semen samples, and extract sperm with strong vitality through sperm processing and screening. Next, in the laboratory, sperm and eggs are cultured and combined to promote the formation of fertilized eggs. The development of in vitro fertilization technology gives new hope to infertile couples in fertility, including the solution of male infertility and female fallopian tube obstruction.

2. Embryo culture

After the formation of the fertilized egg, it needs to be cultured for a period of time to make it develop in vitro to the stage suitable for transplantation. Embryo culture is one of the key steps in IVF technology. Embryo culture generally adopts in vitro culture technology. In the process of culture, the embryo needs to provide appropriate nutrients and environment to ensure its normal growth and development. The laboratory will provide a series of culture media, including liquid containing nutrients, fetal bovine serum and hormones. Under the action of these media, the fertilized eggs will be cultured for several days under specific conditions to form blastocysts, blastocysts and other different stages of development.

3. Embryo transfer

After the embryo is cultured to the stage suitable for transplantation, the doctor will select the embryo with the most development potential and in line with the mother's health condition, and transfer it to the mother's uterus through a very small tube (called a catheter). Embryo transfer is a minimally invasive operation, and doctors will use ultrasound guided technology to ensure that the embryo is accurately implanted into the endometrium. After transplantation, the embryo will continue to develop, hoping to implant and develop into a fetus smoothly.

4. Whether it is successful

The success of IVF technology mainly depends on many factors, including female age, egg and sperm quality, uterus condition, etc. The success rate decreases with age. According to the data of Welles Perkins Medical Center in the United States, the success rate of IVF for women under 40 years old is about 40-50%, while that for women over 45 years old is only 10-20%. Therefore, age is one of the important factors affecting the success rate of IVF. In summary, the principle of IVF technology includes in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, embryo transfer and other steps. This technology provides new fertility options for infertile couples. However, the success rate is related to a variety of factors, requiring patients to carry out appropriate treatment and care under the guidance of doctors.
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