Fertility principle of test tube baby
IVF is a method to help infertile couples achieve fertility through assisted reproductive technology. The following will elaborate on the fertility principle of IVF from four aspects: embryo culture, in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer and maternal management.
Embryo culture
The embryo culture of test tube baby refers to the combination of female eggs and male sperm in vitro to make them develop into embryos and culture them in a specific medium. First of all, obtain eggs from women, and complete the process of transvaginal puncture under the guidance of ultrasound. Then, sperm is obtained from the male body, usually through masturbation or the use of special equipment to help collect sperm. After obtaining sperm and eggs, put them into a culture dish for in vitro fertilization. In the culture dish, the egg and sperm will naturally combine to form a fertilized egg.
Next, the fertilized egg needs to develop in a petri dish. In the process of embryo culture, the doctor will control the composition of the culture medium and the culture conditions, provide appropriate nutrition and environment, and promote the normal development of the fertilized egg. Usually, the fertilized egg will be cultured in a petri dish for 2-6 days to form a blastocyst with a certain number of cells.
Finally, the cultured blastocysts will be transferred. If there are surplus blastocysts, they can also be frozen for future use.
In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization is an important step in IVF technology. In the process of in vitro fertilization, the egg and sperm combine in a culture dish to form a fertilized egg. In order to improve the success rate of fertilization, doctors usually use "microinjection" or "laboratory fertilization" methods.
Microinjection is the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to ensure fertilization. This method is suitable for the low quantity or poor quality of male sperm. Laboratory fertilization is to put sperm and egg in the same culture dish and let them combine by themselves. This method is suitable for sperm with good quantity and quality.
The success rate of IVF is affected by many factors, such as the quality and quantity of the female's eggs, the quality and quantity of the male's sperm, and the doctor's technical level. After in vitro fertilization, successfully fertilized eggs can continue to undergo embryo culture.
embryo transfer
Embryo transfer is one of the key steps in IVF technology. In the embryo culture stage, doctors will evaluate the quality of the cultured blastocysts to select the embryos with the most development potential for transplantation.
Embryo transfer is usually carried out in the uterus of women, usually by vaginal puncture. The doctor injects the immature blastocyst into the uterus to help the blastocyst successfully implant and continue to develop. The specific mode and quantity of embryo transfer will be adjusted according to the patient's situation and the doctor's suggestions.
After embryo transfer, women need to continue to observe and recuperate, and doctors may give certain hormone support to help blastocysts implant and continue to develop.
Pregnant women management
After implantation of successfully transferred embryos, women can become pregnant. In IVF technology, pregnant women management is particularly important to ensure the health of pregnant women and fetuses.
Pregnancy management includes regular prenatal examination, blood testing, ultrasound examination, etc., to understand the development of the fetus and the health of pregnant women. The doctor will adjust the suggestions on medication, nutrition supplement and rest according to the examination results to ensure the safety of pregnant women and fetuses.
With the advancement of pregnancy, doctors will also guide pregnant women to carry out prenatal preparations, such as reasonable diet, proper exercise and psychological adjustment, to prepare for childbirth.
Through four aspects of embryo culture, in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer and pregnant women management, IVF technology helps infertile couples achieve their reproductive aspirations. Of course, the whole process needs the careful operation and care of professional doctors and teams to ensure the success rate of IVF.
