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What are the surgical procedures for IVF?

What are the surgical procedures for IVF?



Procedure of IVF

IVF technology is a kind of assisted reproductive technology, which helps couples who cannot conceive naturally to achieve their reproductive aspirations. The technology includes multiple steps, involving the collaborative work of doctors, patients and medical devices. This article will introduce the procedure of IVF in detail.

1. Extract eggs and sperm

The first step of IVF surgery is to extract eggs and sperm. In general, women receive ovarian stimulation to promote follicular development, and the maturation of the eggs is monitored by ultrasound. Once the follicle is mature, the doctor will perform targeted egg retrieval in the operating room. Local anesthetics are usually used to remove eggs from a woman's ovary. Men provide sperm samples, usually collected by masturbation or assisted reproductive technology. These sperm will be processed and screened to select the most dynamic and quality sperm for combination with the egg.

2. In vitro fertilization

After the extraction of eggs and sperm, in vitro fertilization is the next step in IVF surgery. In the laboratory, doctors place eggs and sperm in petri dishes to promote fertilization. Generally, doctors will choose a suitable fertilization technology, such as conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or single sperm injection (ICSI). In conventional IVF, doctors place mature eggs and sperm together in a petri dish to allow natural fertilization to occur. In ICSI, doctors will use micromanipulation technology to inject a single sperm into the egg to ensure fertilization. These Petri dishes will be placed in a special incubator to provide appropriate temperature and environmental conditions to promote the development of embryos.

3. Embryo culture and selection

After fertilization, the embryo will continue to be cultured in a petri dish. The doctor will check the development regularly, and usually select the embryo with the most development potential between 2 and 6 days. Embryos will be cultivated in special culture medium to meet their growth and development needs. Doctors can use morphological evaluation to select embryos, that is, to judge the appearance and development of embryos. In addition, more advanced genetic diagnostic techniques, such as centrosomal genetic assessment or genomic screening, can also be used to select the most healthy embryos.

4. Embryo transfer and subsequent observation

After embryo selection, doctors will choose the best time for embryo transfer. Usually on the third or fifth day when the embryo develops, the doctor will use a thin tube to place the embryo into the female uterine cavity. The transplant process usually does not require anesthesia or hospitalization. After transplantation, patients need to continue to take estrogen, progesterone and other drugs to help embryo implantation and development in the uterus. After about two weeks, blood or urine tests can be carried out to confirm whether the pregnancy is successful. After embryo transfer, patients need to conduct regular prenatal inspection and observation to ensure the healthy development of embryos. The doctor will adjust the drug dose according to the specific situation, and provide appropriate advice and guidance until the pregnant woman safely enters the delivery period. To sum up, IVF surgery can be divided into multiple steps, such as egg and sperm extraction, in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and selection, embryo transfer and follow-up observation. The development of this technology provides a feasible choice for couples who cannot conceive in a natural way, and provides hope for them to achieve their reproductive aspirations. However, IVF surgery also requires close cooperation between doctors and patients to ensure safe and effective operation.
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