How is a test tube baby born?

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History of IVF

IVF is an assisted reproductive technology, which helps infertile couples achieve their reproductive aspirations through in vitro artificial fertilization and embryo culture. The birth of IVF technology can be traced back to the 1960s. The birth process of IVF will be introduced in detail from four aspects: selection of IVF, egg taking, fertilization and embryo transfer.

Select the right patient

IVF technology is only applicable to specific patient groups. First of all, women need to have at least one unobstructed fallopian tube, because the process of IVF requires the transfer of fertilized eggs into the uterus. Secondly, patients need to have ovarian function to produce enough eggs in quantity and quality. For men, they need sufficient quantity and quality of sperm. The doctor will evaluate according to the specific situation of the patient to determine whether it is suitable for IVF.

Egg retrieval process

Fetching eggs is one of the key steps in the process of IVF. In the process of egg retrieval, doctors will puncture the ovary with fine needles under the guidance of ultrasound to remove the eggs from the mature follicles. Before oocyte retrieval, patients need to undergo ovulation induction treatment for a period of time to stimulate ovarian development. The process of egg retrieval is generally carried out in the operating room, and local anesthesia is used. The whole process usually takes only a few minutes, and the eggs taken out will be immediately handed over to the laboratory for processing.

Fertilization and embryo transfer

In the laboratory, the eggs will be fertilized with sperm in vitro. This can be achieved in two ways. One is conventional in vitro fertilization, in which the egg and sperm are placed in a culture dish and the sperm enter the egg by themselves; The other is acrosome injection, which injects sperm directly into the egg. After successful fertilization, the embryo will be further cultured and developed in the culture dish. Normally, the best embryos reach the blastocyst stage after 6 days of culture.

Before transplantation, doctors will determine the number of embryos to be transferred according to the patient's age, embryo quality and other factors. Embryo transfer is a very simple operation. Doctors will use thin tubes to place embryos directly in the uterus. After transplantation, patients need a period of rest to promote embryo implantation.

summary

The birth process of IVF has gone through many stages, such as selecting suitable patients, taking eggs, fertilization and embryo transfer. The development of this technology has brought fertility hope to many infertile couples. However, IVF technology is not applicable to everyone. Before IVF, patients should consult a professional doctor and fully understand the risks and limitations of this technology.