Diagnosis of microtia

Microauricular malformation is a kind of congenital malformation of the ear, which is mainly manifested by abnormal shape of the auricle, atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canal, and middle ear malformation. The diagnosis of microtia requires comprehensive consideration of the patient's clinical manifestations, ear examination, imaging examination and other factors.

clinical manifestation

The clinical manifestations of microtia mainly include abnormal shape of auricle, atresia or stenosis of external auditory canal, and middle ear malformation. Abnormal auricle morphology can be manifested in the size, shape, position and other abnormalities of the auricle, such as too small, too large, deformed, too low position and so on. Atresia or stenosis of external auditory canal can be manifested as stenosis of external auditory canal, atresia, stenosis of middle ear cavity, etc. The middle ear malformation can be manifested as ossicle malformation, tympanum malformation, facial nerve malformation, etc.

Ear examination

Ear examination is one of the important methods for the diagnosis of microtia. Ear examination includes auricle examination, external auditory canal examination, middle ear examination, etc. Ear examination mainly includes observing the shape, size and position of the ear, and checking whether there are malformations, defects and vegetations in the ear. The external auditory canal examination mainly includes observing the shape, size and patency of the external auditory canal, and checking whether there is stenosis, atresia, secretion, etc. Middle ear examination mainly includes observing the shape, size and patency of the middle ear cavity, and checking whether there is effusion, inflammation, deformity, etc. in the middle ear.

Imaging examination

Imaging examination is one of the important methods in the diagnosis of microtia. Imaging examination includes X-ray examination, CT examination, MRI examination, etc. X-ray examination is mainly used to examine the bone structure of the ear, such as the temporal bone, mastoid, etc. CT examination is mainly used to examine the soft tissue structure of the ear, such as auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear, etc. MRI is mainly used to check the nerve structure of the ear, such as facial nerve.

diagnostic criteria

The diagnostic criteria of microtia mainly include the following aspects:

1. Abnormal auricle shape: abnormal auricle size, shape, position, etc.

2. Atresia or stenosis of external auditory canal: stenosis, atresia of external auditory canal, stenosis of middle ear cavity, etc.

3. Middle ear malformation: auditory ossicle malformation, tympanum malformation, facial nerve malformation, etc.

4. Hearing impairment: patients with microtia often have hearing impairment of different degrees.

therapeutic method

The treatment of microtia mainly includes surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is the main method to treat microtia. The purpose of surgical treatment is to reconstruct the shape and function of the auricle. Non operative treatment mainly includes wearing artificial ear and hearing aid.

surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the main method to treat microtia. The purpose of surgical treatment is to reconstruct the shape and function of the auricle. The methods of surgical treatment mainly include auricle reconstruction, external auditory canal plasty, middle ear plasty, etc. The auricle reconstruction is the core operation for the treatment of microtia. The methods of auricle reconstruction mainly include autogenous rib cartilage auricle reconstruction, artificial material auricle reconstruction, etc. The external auditory meatoplasty and middle ear plasty are auxiliary operations for the treatment of microtia. The purpose of external auditory meatoplasty and middle ear plasty is to restore the shape and function of the external auditory meatoplasty and middle ear.

Non operative treatment

Non operative treatment mainly includes wearing artificial ear and hearing aid. Wearing artificial ear is one of the main methods of non operative treatment for microtia. The purpose of wearing artificial ear is to improve the appearance of patients. Hearing aids are another non operative treatment for microtia. The purpose of hearing aids is to improve the hearing of patients.

prognosis

The prognosis of microtia mainly depends on the severity of the patient's condition, treatment methods, treatment opportunities and other factors. Generally speaking, patients with microtia have a good prognosis after timely and effective treatment. However, for patients with serious illness, the treatment effect may not be ideal.

prevention

The prevention of microtia mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Avoid close marriage: close marriage is one of the important reasons for microtia, so close marriage should be avoided.

2. Health care during pregnancy: Health care during pregnancy is one of the important measures to prevent microtia. During pregnancy, attention should be paid to nutrition balance, avoid infection, and avoid contact with harmful substances.

3. Genetic counseling: For patients with a family genetic history, genetic counseling should be carried out to understand genetic risks and take corresponding preventive measures.

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