How to treat microtia

Microauricular malformation is a congenital malformation of the ear, which is manifested in the shape, size and position of the auricle. This deformity will not only affect the appearance of patients, but also may lead to hearing impairment, which has a great impact on the physical and mental health of patients. So, how to treat microtia? Let's take a closer look.

1、 Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the main method to treat microtia at present. The purpose of the operation is to restore the normal appearance and function of the ear by reconstructing the shape and structure of the ear. The methods of operation mainly include auricle reconstruction and external auditory canal plasty.

1. Reconstruction of auricle

The auricle reconstruction is to reconstruct an auricle similar to the normal auricle by using the patient's own tissue or artificial materials through surgery. The methods of operation mainly include autogenous costal cartilage transplantation and artificial material implantation.

Autogenous costal cartilage transplantation is a widely used method at present. The method is to take out the patient's own costal cartilage, engrave and shape it, and implant it into the ear to reconstruct the shape and structure of the ear. The advantages of this method are good histocompatibility and natural postoperative effect, but the surgical trauma is large and requires a longer recovery time.

Artificial material implantation is to implant artificial materials such as silica gel and polyethylene into the ear to reconstruct the shape and structure of the auricle. The advantages of this method are small surgical trauma and short recovery time, but the postoperative effect may not be as natural as that of autogenous costal cartilage transplantation.

2. External auditory canal plasty

The external auditory canal plasty is to reconstruct the shape and structure of the external auditory canal and restore the normal function of the ear through surgery. The main surgical methods are external auditory meatus plasty and tympanoplasty.

The external auditory canal plasty is to repair and reconstruct the skin and cartilage of the external auditory canal to restore the normal shape and structure of the external auditory canal. The advantages of this method are small surgical trauma and short recovery time, but the postoperative effect may not be as good as tympanoplasty.

Tympanoplasty is to repair and reconstruct the structure of the tympanum and restore the normal function of the ear. The advantage of this method is that the postoperative effect is good, but the surgical trauma is large and requires a longer recovery time.

2、 Non operative treatment

Non operative treatment mainly includes wearing artificial ear and hearing rehabilitation training.

1. Wear artificial ear

Wearing artificial ear is a non operative treatment method, which is suitable for patients with mild microtia. Artificial ear is a kind of artificial ear prosthesis, which can be fixed in the ear by pasting or wearing to restore the normal appearance of the ear. The advantages of artificial ear are easy to wear and natural appearance, but it needs to be replaced regularly.

2. Hearing rehabilitation training

Hearing rehabilitation training is a non operative treatment method, which is suitable for patients with microtia accompanied by hearing impairment. The purpose of hearing rehabilitation training is to improve the quality of life of patients by training their listening and language abilities. The methods of hearing rehabilitation training mainly include listening training, language training and psychotherapy.

3、 Treatment opportunity

The treatment time of microtia varies with the patient's condition. Generally speaking, the best time for surgical treatment is between 6-10 years old. The ears of patients in this age group have basically matured, and the surgical effect is good. However, for patients with hearing impairment, the timing of surgical treatment can be appropriately advanced.

4、 Therapeutic effect

The treatment effect of microtia varies with the patient's condition, treatment method and treatment opportunity. Generally speaking, the effect of surgical treatment is good, which can restore the normal appearance and function of the ear. However, surgical treatment also has certain risks and complications, such as infection, bleeding, cartilage absorption, etc. Therefore, when choosing surgical treatment, patients need to fully understand the risks and complications of surgery and treat under the guidance of doctors.

5、 Postoperative care

Postoperative care of microtia is very important, which directly affects the effect of surgery and the recovery of patients. The main contents of postoperative care include wound care, diet care, psychological care, etc.

1. Wound care

Postoperative patients need to keep the wound clean and dry to avoid water and infection. At the same time, the patient needs to change the dressing regularly according to the doctor's requirements, and observe the healing of the wound.

2. Diet care

After operation, patients need to pay attention to light diet and avoid eating spicy and irritating food and greasy food. At the same time, patients need to eat more food rich in protein and vitamins to promote wound healing.

3. Psychological care

Postoperative patients may have psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, and need psychological care in time. Patients can relieve psychological pressure and maintain a good attitude by communicating with family and friends and participating in social activities.

6、 Precautions

1. Choose regular hospitals and professional doctors for treatment, and avoid choosing irregular medical institutions and doctors to avoid unnecessary losses.

2. The patient needs to have a comprehensive physical examination before surgery to ensure that they are healthy and can tolerate surgery.

3. Postoperative patients need to carry out nursing and rehabilitation training according to the doctor's requirements to avoid complications and affect the surgical effect.

4. Patients need to pay attention to protecting their ears from external impact and injury.

5. Patients need to have regular reexamination to understand the effect and recovery of the operation, find problems in time and deal with them.

7、 Summary

Microauricular malformation is a common congenital malformation of the ear, which will have a great impact on the physical and mental health of patients. At present, surgical treatment is the main method to treat microtia. Non operative treatment mainly includes wearing artificial ear and hearing rehabilitation training. The treatment time varies according to the patient's condition. Generally speaking, the best time for surgical treatment is between 6-10 years old. The treatment effect varies according to the patient's condition, treatment method, treatment opportunity and other factors. The effect of surgical treatment is better, but there are also certain risks and complications. Postoperative care is very important, which directly affects the effect of surgery and the recovery of patients. Patients need to choose regular hospitals and professional doctors for treatment. Before surgery, comprehensive physical examination should be carried out. After surgery, nursing and rehabilitation training should be carried out according to the doctor's requirements. Regular reexamination should be carried out and attention should be paid to ear protection.

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