Common problems of microtia

Microauricular malformation is a common congenital malformation of the ear, which not only affects the appearance of patients, but also may affect their hearing. As a professional practitioner in the medical and aesthetic industry, I will introduce some common problems of microtia.

1、 Etiology of microtia

The etiology of microtia is still unclear, which may be related to genetic, environmental and other factors. Studies have shown that microtia may be related to gene mutation and chromosome abnormalities during embryonic development. In addition, pregnancy infection, drug use, radiation and other environmental factors may also increase the risk of microtia.

2、 Symptoms of microtia

The main symptoms of microtia are abnormal ear morphology, including hypoplasia of auricle, stenosis or atresia of external auditory canal, and middle ear malformation. According to the severity of the malformation, microtia can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. The auricle morphology of patients with mild microtia is basically normal, but there may be stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal; In patients with moderate microtia, auricle hypoplasia may be accompanied by stenosis or atresia of external auditory canal; The auricle of patients with severe microtia is severely underdeveloped, and may even be missing, accompanied by stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal, middle ear malformation, etc.

3、 Treatment of microtia

The treatment of microtia mainly includes surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is the main method to treat microtia at present, which includes auricle reconstruction, external auditory canal plasty, middle ear plasty, etc. The auricle reconstruction is to carve the rib cartilage or artificial material of the patient into the shape of the auricle through surgery, and then implant it into the ear to restore the shape of the ear. The external auditory meatoplasty and middle ear plasty repair the malformations of the external auditory meatoplasty and middle ear through surgery to improve the hearing of patients. Non operative treatment mainly includes wearing hearing aids, hearing training, etc. It is suitable for patients with mild microtia or auxiliary treatment after surgical treatment.

4、 Operation opportunity of microtia

The operation time of microtia should be determined according to the specific situation of the patient. Generally speaking, surgical treatment should be carried out after the patient is 6 years old. At this time, the patient's ear has basically matured and the surgical effect is good. For patients with severe microtia, surgical treatment may need to be carried out several times to achieve better therapeutic effect.

5、 Postoperative nursing care of microtia

Postoperative care of microtia is very important, which directly affects the effect of surgery and the recovery of patients. After surgery, patients should pay attention to rest and avoid strenuous exercise and ear collision. At the same time, patients should keep their ears clean to avoid infection. After the operation, the doctor will give corresponding drug treatment according to the specific situation of the patient, and the patient should take the medicine on time. If there is any discomfort, the patient should go to the doctor in time.

6、 Prevention of microtia

The prevention of microtia mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Strengthen health care during pregnancy to avoid infection, drug use, radiation and other risk factors during pregnancy.

2. Genetic counseling. For patients with a family history of inheritance, genetic counseling should be conducted to understand genetic risks.

3. Early screening: ear screening should be carried out for newborns to find ear diseases such as microtia in time.

7、 Psychological problems of microtia

The microtia will not only affect the appearance of patients, but also may affect their psychology. Patients may have inferiority complex, anxiety, depression and other psychological problems. Therefore, while treating microtia, we should also pay attention to the mental health of patients and give them corresponding psychological support and treatment.

8、 Treatment hospitals and doctors for microtia

The treatment of microtia requires professional hospitals and doctors, and patients should consider carefully when selecting treatment hospitals and doctors. It is recommended that patients choose formal medical institutions and experienced doctors for treatment to ensure treatment effect and safety.

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